What are the Stages of Architecture Design?

Every iconic building comes from a structured architectural design process. In much the same way as the roadmap shows the traveler how to reach their destination, an architectural design process is a structured journey to go from the idea to the end product. Although architectural companies can have a framework with 5, 6, or 7 stages, the basic process phases remain relatively constant throughout the industry. It is important to understand the stages of the architectural design process for clients, stakeholders, and prospective architects.

Key terms such as Concept Design, Schematic Design, and Architecture Solutions denote vital milestones of this creative and technical process. In this complete guide, we’ll tell you everything you need to know about the architectural design process: how things unfold in every stage, who’s involved, and what deliverables you can expect.

 Pre-Design Phase – Building Foundations

The pre-design phase lays the foundation prior to actual drawing work. This foundational phase includes gathering all data required to see if the project is feasible and if it is aligned with the client’s vision.

During the client consultation, architects discuss a number of issues related to the project needs, realistic budgets, timelines, etc. Such dialogue gives everyone the opportunity to share their understanding of the project vision. During site analysis, the architects study the location specifics, zoning laws, climate conditions, topography, and local building laws that might affect the design.

The Programming phase deals with space requirements and the relationship between the spaces. This systematic approach is used to determine how different areas relate to one another. Also, you’ll get initial information about feasibility studies and preliminary cost estimates.

Pre-Design deliverables include a project brief, site survey, code review documentation, and base drawings. This stage is critically important as it allows seeing if the project is financially feasible and regulatory compliant.

Concept Design – Turning Abstract Ideas into Tangible Designs

Concept Design stage is when abstract ideas turn into tangible design concepts. Some frameworks treat Concept Design and Schematic Design as separate phases; however, there are others that incorporate both phases into one creative exploration phase.

Architects explore various design directions that they generate using the data collected during the pre-design phase. The main emphasis is placed on creative work at this stage and consists in the exploration of massing studies (how the building volume looks like), form development (how the building looks like), spatial relationships, and aesthetic direction.

Mood boards, sketches, and 3D massing models are the main tools for the client to see the possibilities of the future building design. During this stage, the chosen design concept is refined based on client feedback and professional judgments.

Concept Design defines the creative direction, while Schematic Design establishes the physical layout of the building.

 Schematic Design – Defining the Building’s Physical Characteristics

The Schematic Design stage is the first formal phase of architectural design in most professional frameworks. This stage involves the creation of preliminary architectural drawings that define the physical aspects of the building.

Architects develop a floor plan (with rooms and dimensions), elevations (the appearance of the building from the outside), sections (show vertical relationships of the building elements) and a basic site plan. This is where the building spatial organization, circulation, and orientation are established.

At this stage, architects introduce preliminary structural and MEP (mechanical, electrical, plumbing) strategies to ensure early coordination of the systems. Preliminary cost studies allow verifying whether the developing design stays within budget parameters.

The deliverables include schematic drawings, 3D visuals, material palettes, and cost estimates. Schematic Design establishes the overall direction of the project before the engineering phase. Any changes made later become increasingly expensive, which is why proper exploration at this stage will help avoid the revisions further.

 Design Development – Adding Depth

Design Development transforms schematic designs into more detailed and coordinated plans. At this stage, a lot of attention is paid to the numerous technical aspects necessary to turn concepts into constructible solutions.

Architects add dimensions to every space, structural grids, walls with materials, windows and door schedules, etc. Also, material selection becomes more specific as finishes, fixtures, and equipment selections are made. This is the stage when the building character becomes more tangible due to the material decisions.

In addition, at this stage, the coordination with engineering consultants (structural, mechanical, electrical, civil engineers) occurs to ensure the systems coordinate properly. Regular coordination meetings help detect and solve any problems before the construction documents phase.

Cost estimates are updated with higher level of accuracy and project schedule receives more refinement due to the growing amount of detail.

Design Development deliverables include floor plans, elevations, sections, and preliminary material and systems specifications. This is where Architecture Solutions become more defined by adding details to the concept. At this stage, architects protect the project by identifying and solving coordination issues.

 Construction Documents – Preparing for Permits and Bidding

Construction Documents stage involves the creation of the most detailed drawings and specifications of the building that are necessary for the permits and construction. This is the stage when the architecture is thoroughly documented by all stakeholders.

At this stage, architects create fully annotated drawings (plans, elevations, sections, details, schedules, etc.). Also, the technical specifications are developed to describe the material and systems of the building in precise language. This is the legal and technical contract between the design team, the client, and the contractor.

Building permits and other regulatory approvals are submitted at this stage with the help of governmental agencies that review the compliance of the project with safety, accessibility, and environmental regulations. Also, at this stage, the completed construction document set including architectural, structural, and MEP drawings is created.

Construction Document accuracy is critically important since every decision made at this stage has consequences in terms of cost, schedule, and quality. This level of detail makes sure that all parties have the same comprehensive plan.

 Bidding and Negotiation – Selection of the Contractor

Bidding and Negotiation phase involves the selection of the contractor and creation of the construction contract. This is the stage when the connection between the design and construction of the project is made.

The architects help clients review contractor bids, taking into account not only prices but also the qualifications and experience of the builders in relation to the project. Clarification of scope, schedule, and pricing questions helps make sure that all parties share the same understanding.

This phase is critically important to protect client’s interests and create fair terms for the builder. Also, the architects ensure that the selected builder will be able to perform the work in accordance with the design. The deliverables of this phase include bid documents, contractor selection recommendations, and signed construction contract.

 Construction Administration – Making Sure That the Building is Constructed Correctly

Construction Administration phase involves making sure that the building is constructed according to the design documents. This process protects client’s investment and design integrity.

During this phase, architects visit the building site to inspect the progress and quality. All questions are clarified with Requests for Information (RFIs). The change orders are handled when the unexpected construction conditions require changes to be made. The verification of materials and workmanship takes place to make sure that the construction is in compliance with the specifications and the design intent.

Also, architects coordinate regularly with contractors, engineers, and the client.
This is the stage when the final walkthrough and punch list are conducted before occupancy.

Conclusion

The architectural design process includes seven vital stages: Pre-Design, Concept Design, Schematic Design, Design Development, Construction Documents, Bidding, and Construction Administration. Each of these stages logically builds on the previous one to reduce risks and maintain clarity from the concept to the occupied building.

It is always worth working with experienced architects who will provide you with comprehensive Architecture Solutions to protect your investment and build high-quality buildings that exceed your expectations. As you can see from this systematic guide, professional architectural services pay off.

If you want to navigate this process effectively, you should consult an architect. The money spent on professional design services at the beginning of your project will definitely pay off later.

Turn Your Vision Into Reality With Camellia Buildtech

Do you want to turn your architectural vision into reality?

Camellia Buildtech provides comprehensive Architecture Solutions which will lead your through the whole process of architecture and construction. We have a team of experienced professionals who can guarantee you high-quality service at every step of your project.

Contact Camellia Buildtech to schedule your first consultation and learn about the benefits of our structured design process.

FAQS

1. What is the Difference Between Concept Design and Schematic Design?

In the Concept Design stage, architects develop conceptual ideas and focus on aesthetics. There will be numerous sketches, mood boards, and massing studies in the Concept Design stage as a number of creative approaches are explored. Schematic Design turns the concepts into preliminary floor plans, elevations and space layouts.

2. How Long Will The Schematic Design Phase Take?

It usually takes 4-8 weeks. But larger and more complex projects will take extra time to explore several options and pick up the right solution.

3. What Should I Expect As Deliverables From Schematic Design?

As a result of Schematic Design phase you should get floor plans, room layouts, exterior elevations, basic building sections, 3D massing models, initial material palettes and cost estimates.

4. Can I Skip the Design Development Phase To Save Time?

You shouldn’t skip design phases as there might be costly mistakes and problems later on. Design Development is an important phase to coordinate engineering systems in architecture before moving to the next phase.

5. What Are Construction Documents and Why Do I Need Them?

Construction Documents are the drawings and specifications that contractors use to construct your building. They are also used for the permit approval and provide a comprehensive plan that all project stakeholders work with.

6. Do I Need an Architect During Construction Administration?

Yes, you do. You need an architect who will oversee the construction process to make sure your building corresponds with the design intent, manage changes if necessary and approve quality at all stages. Architect represents your interests during construction.